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Take This Hammer
"Take This Hammer" (Roud 4299, AFS 745B1) is a prison, logging, and railroad work song, which has the same Roud number as another song, "Nine Pound Hammer", with which it shares verses. "Swannanoa Tunnel" and "Ashville Junction" are similar. Together, this group of songs are referred to as "hammer songs" or "roll songs" (after a group of wheelbarrow-hauling songs with much the same structure, though not mentioning hammers).〔For example, "Roll On, Johnny", heard in 1891 from a Lafayette County, Texas, levee camp worker. In 1924, Robert W. Gordon, who like John A. Lomax, had been a student of George Lyman Kittredge at Harvard, transcribed a fragment that went:
:And it's roll on, buddy – what makes you roll so slow?
:Your buddy is almost broke – Down in the K.N.O.See Norm Cohen, ''Long Steel Rail: The Railroad in American Folksong'' (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press () 2000), p. 574.〕 Numerous bluegrass bands and singers like Scott McGill and Mississippi John Hurt also recorded commercial versions of this song, nearly all of them containing verses about the legendary spike driver, John Henry; and even when they do not, writes folklorist Kip Lornell, "one feels his strong and valorous presence in the song".〔See Kip Lornell, liner notes to ''Virginia and the Piedmont, Minstrelsy, Work Songs, and Blues'' in the ''Blues Deep River of Song'' series, Rounder CD 1827-2 (2000).〕
==Background==
For almost a hundred years after the abolition of slavery, convicts, mostly African American, were leased to work as forced labor in the mines, railroad camps, brickyards, turpentine farms, and then on road gangs of the American South.〔See Alex Lichtenstein, ''Twice The Work of Free Labor, The Political Economy of Convict Labor in the South'' (Verso, 1996).〕 Forced labor on chain gangs, levees, and huge, plantation-like prison farms continued well into the twentieth century. It was not unusual for work songs like "Take this Hammer" and its "floating verses" to drift between occupations along with the itinerant laborers who sang them.〔Lornell, ''Deep River of Song: Virginia and the Piedmont'', CD liner notes.〕 The elements of both the ballad of "John Henry" and the "Take This Hammer" complex appear to date from the late nineteenth century, probably the 1870s.〔See Norm Cohen, ''Long Steel Rail'', p. 535.〕
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